Meaning
A planet in the same sign in both the natal (Rashi) chart and the Navamsha (D9) — significantly strengthening its indications.
Etymology
Sanskrit varga (divisional chart) + uttama (excellent, best) — a planet in the same sign in both the Rashi and Navamsha charts.
Detailed Explanation
Vargottama is a significant strengthening condition in Vedic astrology. A planet is vargottama when it occupies the same rashi in both the D1 (Rashi/birth chart) and D9 (Navamsha) charts. Because the Navamsha is the most important of all divisional charts (vargas), a planet that is 'best in its division' (vargottama) carries the vibration of its sign through all levels of expression. Classical texts state that a vargottama planet performs as if it were in its own sign or exaltation. Even a debilitated planet in vargottama can be somewhat rescued. The lagna (ascendant) can also be vargottama, dramatically strengthening the entire chart.